Keywords : sword, Saône, Pontailler-sur-Saône, tiles, bricks, stamps, Mirebeau, Lingones. Mots-clefs : épée, Saône, Pontailler-sur-Saône, tuiles, briques, estampilles, Mirebeau, Lingons. Only after the thorough research one may try to connect such sites with the supra-regional phenomena like the Marcomannic Wars or the Crisis of the Third Century. Also the phenomenon of depots should be studied in detail, as it seems as the least recognized one. Only future archaeological studies may lead to an answer whether the swords found in rivers are overrated in their number or other categories of weapons were thrown into the flowing waters as well, and what regularities may be traced in the sacrificial activity characteristic for the lake sites in certain periods. Lake Lubanowo presents itself unique as its bottom is solid (sandy-stony-clayish) in the vicinity of the shore. ![]() This significantly limits the use of metal detectors even in case of large-sized items buried beneath. Another important factor stems from the fact that a great majority of the lakes in the European Lowland is covered in their littoral zone by organic sediments, at least 0.5–1.0 m thick. The underrepresentation results from the general lack of long-lasting and systematic underwater surveys. They were surely more numerous than it is known at this moment. To the south of the Baltic Sea one can name lake sites (some of them evolved into bogs – like Czaszkowo – or were dried – like Wólka some have preserved as lakes – Lubanowo, probably Krępsk), numerous bog sites, depots in the vicinity of certain rivers (Czarnków, Stare Dłusko, maybe Żarnowiec) and, in the end, riverine sites (appearing at least in two horizons). Imp(eratori) Caio I(ulio) Cæ(sari) Augusto divi I(ulii) fil(io) Ægypt(o) Tr(ibunicia) P(otestate) XI comat(a) tribut(aria) Germania victaCoh(ors) XXXIII volunt(ariorum) (et) colonia Araus(io) I(ulia) secundan(orum) hunc arc(um) ded(icavit) publice IMP CAIO I CÆ AVGVSTO DIVI I FIL ÆGYPT TRP XI COMAT TRIBVT GERMANIA VICTA COH XXXIII VOLVNT COLONIA ARAVS I SECVNDAN HVNC ARC DED PVBLICE A first reading was proposed in 1862 by Pierre Hebert.The current state of research allows stating that the idea of sacrificial lake/bog sites is in no way limited to northern Europe. Ti(berio) Caesar(i), divi Augusti f(ilio), divi Iuli nepoti, Augusto, Pontifici Maximo, Potestate XXVIII Imperatori IIX Co(n)s(uli) IIII restituit R(es) P(ublica) coloniae (or : restitutori coloniae) To the son of Iulius Caesar, to the emperor Caius Iulius Caesar Augustus, exercing the tribunician power for the eleventh time, the 36th cohors of volunteers and the city of Arausio Iulia, colony of the second legion, in remembrance of Egypt, Gallia Comata and defeated Germany, submitted to the payment of the tribute, elevated and dedicated this arch in the name of the whole country. To Tiberius Caesar, son of the divine Augustus, grandson of the divine Iulius, Augustus, pontifex maximus, exercising tribunician power for the twenty eighth time, Emperor for the eighth time, consul for the fourth time, given back to him by the administration of the colony (or refounder of the colony). The Triumphal arch of Arausio has three arches, the central one being larger than the flanking ones. Each façade has four semi-engaged Corinthian columns. The arch contains an inscription dedicated to Emperor Tiberius in 26/27 CE. On the northern (outward-facing) facade, the architrave and cornice have been cut back and a bronze inscription inserted, which is now lost attempts at reconstructing its text from the placement of cramp holes for the projecting tines of its letters have not been successful. ![]() ![]() A first reading was proposed in 1862 by Pierre Hebert: “To the son of Iulius Caesar, to the emperor Caius Iulius Caesar Augustus, exerting the tribunician power for the eleventh time, the 36th cohors of volunteers and the city of Arausio Iulia, colony of the second legion, in remembrance of Egypt, Gallia Comata and defeated Germany, submitted to the payment of the tribute, elevated and dedicated this arch in the name of the whole country”.
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